An Introduction to the Deaf and Hard of Hearing Culture

An Introduction to the Deaf and Hard of Hearing Culture

Cambridge dictionary defines culture as “the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs of a particular group of people at a particular time” (Cambridge Dictionary, 2025). Culture is more than a dictionary definition. Deaf and Hard of Hearing culture offers a different perspective of what it means to be Deaf and Hard of Hearing community. This new lens is explored in this short blog post below.

Deafness as a Cultural Identity

Unlike many cultures that are tied to geography, Deaf culture is formed through shared languages, Deaf schools, as well as traditions and behaviours specific to the Deaf community (Deaf culture, 2013). Deaf culture is defined beyond the absence of hearing, encompassing a dynamic social culture with shared values, norms, history, and language. By representing Deafness as a cultural trait, rather than a disability, encourages a shift in perception and representation in policy and education. This challenges societal norms and reframes the definition of being Deaf.  Thomas Holcomb, author of ‘Introduction to Deaf Culture’, emphasises that Deaf culture is rooted in collective identity. Identification using a capital ‘D’ Deaf signifies cultural belonging, reflecting a vibrant community rather than simply an audiological condition. (Holcomb, 2023)

Role of Sign Language 

Language is at the core of Deaf culture, and is the foundation of intellectual, social, emotional, and cultural development within the Deaf community.  Sign language creates a strong sense of belonging strengthened by the shared reliance on visual communication, allowing free communication and strengthening cultural bonds. In Canada, American Sign Language (ASL) and Langue des signes québéquoise (LSQ) are widely used visual languages with their own grammar, vocabulary, and social rules. While sign languages are not universal around the world, it is the shared experience of visual communication that creates the unification of Deaf culture. (Cripps, 2017)

Deaf culture is strongly rooted in community connection and shared visual communication (Career Networks Africa, 2025).

Values and Social Norms

As with any culture, Deaf culture is shaped by values, traditions, and norms. Deaf culture is influenced by its social nature; storytelling, shared experiences, Deaf clubs, cultural events, and Deaf schools all play an important role in passing knowledge and values between generations. Norms of interaction in Deaf culture, such as maintaining direct visual attention during conversations and utilizing expressive facial cues, highlight the importance of non-verbal communication in creating meaningful connections. The use of space in sign language is a significant cultural aspect, enriching social interactions and conveying meaning beyond words. Through these values, traditions, and social practices, Deaf culture not only preserves its unique identity but also evolves, adapting to contemporary challenges. This necessary blend ensures Deaf culture remains vibrant and relevant, allowing inspiration to future generations. (Padden & Humphries, 1988)

Deaf Culture in Kingston

There are multiple organisations and initiatives in Kingston that support Deaf and Hard of Hearing persons, as well as those which promote Deaf and Hard of Hearing culture. The Ontario Cultural Society of the Deaf promotes Deaf culture and heritage in Ontario through artistic and educational initiatives. S5 waves is an organisation in Kingston that aims to raise awareness about the Deaf and Hard of Hearing community. The Ministry with the Deaf, Archdiocese of Kingston provides pastoral and social services to Deaf persons and their families, with dedication to preserving Deaf culture within the Catholic community. 

Closing Notes

Deaf and Hard of Hearing culture is a dynamic community built on shared values, institutions, and ways of relating to the world that extend beyond speech and language. Recognising Deafness as a cultural identity celebrates the richness of visual language and the strength of community bonds. As we grow to understand diverse cultures, we are moving closer to promoting accessibility, inclusion, and cultural respect. 

References

Cambridge Dictionary. (2025). CULTURE | Meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary. Cambridge.org. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/culture

Cripps, J. (2017, December 27). What Is Deaf Culture? (A. Small, Ed.). Deaf Culture Centre. https://deafculturecentre.ca/what-is-deaf-culture/

Deaf culture. (2013, November 18). Canadian Hearing Services. https://www.chs.ca/deaf-culture

Holcomb, T. (2023). Introduction to Deaf Culture. Oxford University Press, USA.

Padden, C., & Humphries, T. (1988). Deaf in America: Voices from a Culture. Harvard 

University Press.